Episode 30 Encephalitis Lethargica: Sleep Perchance to Dream (& Dream & Dream)

Imagine this: a sickness where millions fell into a deep slumber from which they never woke. Of those that did, many remained trapped in a cage of their own bodies, unable to move or speak but fully aware of the world around them. Imagine that this sickness appeared suddenly, without warning, and spread across the globe, affecting millions in just a few decades. Then, just as quickly as it emerged it disappeared. Survivors were left to suffer, eventually forgotten, while hundreds of questions remained unanswered. This is the story of encephalitis lethargica, the subject of our first ever medical mystery episode. Encephalitis lethargica was a ‘sleepy sickness’ epidemic which afflicted millions in the early 1910s and 20s but has caused only sporadic cases since the 1940s. This mysterious illness revolutionized the fields of neurology and psychiatry and forced physicians to examine where the brain ends and the mind begins. What could cause such an illness and why haven’t we seen it since? Tune in to hear us tell you the story of this fascinating medical mystery.

History Biology
Sacks, Oliver. Awakenings. Pan Macmillan, 1991. Reid, Ann H., et al. “Experimenting on the past: the enigma of von Economo’s encephalitis lethargica.Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 60.7 (2001): 663-670.
Crosby, Molly Caldwell. Asleep: The Forgotten Epidemic that Remains One of Medicine’s Greatest Mysteries. Penguin, 2010. Dale, Russell C., et al. “Encephalitis lethargica syndrome: 20 new cases and evidence of basal ganglia autoimmunity.” Brain127.1 (2004): 21-33.
McCall, Sherman, et al. “The relationship between encephalitis lethargica and influenza: a critical analysis.” Journal of neurovirology 14.3 (2008): 177-185. Tan, Aaron, Neil Shuey, and Christopher Bladin. “A modern perspective on the differential diagnosis between encephalitis lethargica or anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis.” Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 17.9 (2010): 1204-1206.
  Berger, Joseph R., and Joel A. Vilensky. “Encephalitis lethargica (von Economo’s encephalitis).” Handbook of clinical neurology. Vol. 123. Elsevier, 2014. 745-761.
  Vilensky, Joel A., Sid Gilman, and Sherman McCall. “A historical analysis of the relationship between encephalitis lethargica and postencephalitic parkinsonism: a complex rather than a direct relationship.” Movement Disorders 25.9 (2010): 1116-1123.
  Dourmashkin, Robert R., et al. “Evidence for an enterovirus as the cause of encephalitis lethargica.” BMC infectious diseases12.1 (2012): 136.

Disclaimer: This post may contain affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, you won’t pay a penny more, but we’ll get a small commission which helps us keep things running. Thanks!