Were you stoked about the history and biology of vaccines we covered in part 1, but left with even more questions? Were you really hoping to hear us talk about anti-vaccine sentiment and address misconceptions about vaccines in detail? Did you want even more expert guest insight?! Well then do we have the episode for you! Today, we delve into the history of the “anti-vaccine movement” which, spoiler alert, is nothing new. With the help of Dr. Peter Hotez, Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston and Co-director of the Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development we address some of the most common concerns and questions that arise about vaccines, their safety, and their efficacy. And finally, we hear from Bill Nye The Science Guy about dealing with the challenges of science communication in the modern world when diseases spread as fast as fake news headlines. Y’all. This is the episode you’ve been waiting for.

You can follow Dr. Peter Hotez on twitter @PeterHotez and check out his book “Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel’s Autism”

And you can listen to “Science Rules!” the new podcast from Bill Nye the Science Guy, available now on stitcher https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/stitcher/science-rules-with-bill-nye or wherever you are listening to this podcast!

History	Biology
Hotez, Peter J. Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel’s Autism: My Journey as a Vaccine Scientist, Pediatrician, and Autism Dad. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018.	American Academy of Pediatrics Vaccine safety: Examine the evidence. (2013)
Kinch, Michael. Between Hope and Fear: A History of Vaccines and Human Immunity. Pegasus Books, 2018.	Hviid, Anders, et al. “Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccination and Autism: A Nationwide Cohort Study.” Annals of internal medicine (2019).
Offit, Paul A. Deadly choices: How the anti-vaccine movement threatens us all. Basic Books (AZ), 2015.	Spencer, Jeanne P., et al.. “Vaccine Adverse Events: Separating Myth from Reality.” American family physician 95.12 (2017).
Wadman, Meredith. The vaccine race: science, politics, and the human costs of defeating disease. Penguin, 2017.	DeStefano, Frank, Cristofer S. Price, and Eric S. Weintraub. “Increasing exposure to antibody-stimulating proteins and polysaccharides in vaccines is not associated with risk of autism.” The Journal of pediatrics 163.2 (2013): 561-567.
Roush, Sandra W., Trudy V. Murphy, and Vaccine-Preventable Disease Table Working Group. “Historical comparisons of morbidity and mortality for vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States.” Jama 298.18 (2007): 2155-2163.	Becerra-Culqui, Tracy A., et al. “Prenatal Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis Vaccination and Autism Spectrum Disorder.” Pediatrics 142.3 (2018): e20180120.
Plotkin S. History of vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(34):12283–12287. doi:10.1073/pnas.1400472111	Zerbo, Ousseny, et al. “Association between influenza infection and vaccination during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder.” JAMA pediatrics 171.1 (2017): e163609-e163609.
Calling the Shots (Nova episode)	Jiang, Hai-yin, et al. “Maternal infection during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Brain, behavior, and immunity 58 (2016): 165-172.
http://www.immunize.org/reports/report035.asp	Parker, Sarah K., et al. “Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autistic spectrum disorder: a critical review of published original data.” Pediatrics-English Edition 114.3 (2004): 793-804.
	Mitkus, Robert J., et al. “Updated aluminum pharmacokinetics following infant exposures through diet and vaccination.” Vaccine 29.51 (2011): 9538-9543.
	Smith, Leah M., et al. “Effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on clinical indicators of sexual behaviour among adolescent girls: the Ontario Grade 8 HPV Vaccine Cohort Study.” Cmaj 187.2 (2015): E74-E81.
	CDC “What are the benefits of flu vaccination?” (2019)

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