Episode 26 Vaccines Part 1: Let’s hear it for Maurice

The wait is finally over: this week we are very excited to bring you the episode we’ve been teasing for weeks: vaccines! This week and next (you don’t have to wait a full two weeks for the next episode!), we are presenting a two-part series on vaccines. In today’s episode, we dive deep into the biology of vaccines, from how they stimulate your (amazing) immune system to protect you, to how they make you into an almost-superhero, shielding the innocents around you from deadly infections. We take you back hundreds, nay, thousands of years to when something akin to vaccination first began, and then we walk along the long road of vaccine development to see just how massive an impact vaccines have had on the modern world. The best part? We are joined by not one, but two experts from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Dr. Gail Rodgers and Dr. Padmini Srikantiah explain the process of vaccine development, highlight the challenges of vaccine deployment, and shine a hopeful light on the future of vaccines. And be sure to tune in next week for part 2 where we’ll focus on vaccine hesitancy and address common misconceptions surrounding vaccines in even more depth.

For more information on the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation initiatives, visit: https://www.gatesfoundation.org/

For more information on vaccines currently in development, check out: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ and https://www.who.int/immunization/research/vaccine_pipeline_tracker_spreadsheet/en/

History	Biology
Hotez, Peter J. Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel’s Autism: My Journey as a Vaccine Scientist, Pediatrician, and Autism Dad. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018.	CDC. “Understanding how vaccines work” 2018
Between Kinch, Michael. Between Hope and Fear: A History of Vaccines and Human Immunity. Pegasus Books, 2018.and Fear by Michael Kinch	Andre, Francis E., et al. “Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86 (2008): 140-146.
Offit, Paul A. Deadly choices: How the anti-vaccine movement threatens us all. Basic Books (AZ), 2015.	WHO, Vaccine-preventable diseases monitoring system 2018 global summary.
Wadman, Meredith. The vaccine race: science, politics, and the human costs of defeating disease. Penguin, 2017.	Omer, Saad B., et al. “Vaccine refusal, mandatory immunization, and the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases.” New England Journal of Medicine 360.19 (2009): 1981-1988.
Roush, Sandra W., Trudy V. Murphy, and Vaccine-Preventable Disease Table Working Group. “Historical comparisons of morbidity and mortality for vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States.” Jama 298.18 (2007): 2155-2163.	Phadke, Varun K., et al. “Association between vaccine refusal and vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States: a review of measles and pertussis.” Jama 315.11 (2016): 1149-1158.
Plotkin S. History of vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(34):12283–12287. doi:10.1073/pnas.1400472111	Sugerman, David E., et al. “Measles outbreak in a highly vaccinated population, San Diego, 2008: role of the intentionally undervaccinated.” Pediatrics 125.4 (2010): 747-755.
Calling the Shots (Nova episode)	Van Panhuis, Willem G., et al. “Contagious diseases in the United States from 1888 to the present.” The New England journal of medicine 369.22 (2013): 2152.
http://www.immunize.org/reports/report035.asp	WHO. Summary of WHO position papers- Recommendations for routine immunization (Dec 2018)
	Mellerson JL, et al. Vaccination Coverage for Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2017–18 School Year. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep (2018)67:1115–1122.
	WHO, Immunizations, Vaccines , and biologicals. Data, Statistics, and graphics
	Walkinshaw, Erin. “Mandatory vaccinations: The international landscape.” (2011): E1167-E1168.

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