This one’s not just for the dogs. It’s also for the cats, the raccoons, the wax moths, the birds, the mice, and so many other critters. Oh, and of course the humans. Even though most of us may be familiar with parvovirus through our canine friends, the world of parvoviruses is much larger. In this episode, we explore that world, focusing first on the biology of these tiny DNA viruses and how they make us sick before tracing the history of their discovery and the pandemic spread of canine parvovirus just a few short decades ago. We are joined by the amazing Dr. Steph Horgan Smith who acts as our veterinary tour guide through the animal world of these viruses and why vaccination against them is so incredibly important. Finally, we round out the episode with some of the latest research on these viruses, featuring some very cool, very promising work on using the dependoparvoviruses as a tool for gene therapy. Tune in to learn where Fifth disease got its name, what role raccoons may have played in the emergence of canine parvovirus, and so much more.
| History | Biology |
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| Hoelzer, Karin, et al. “Phylogenetic analysis reveals the emergence, evolution and dispersal of carnivore parvoviruses.” The Journal of general virology 89.Pt 9 (2008): 2280. | Jager, M.C., Tomlinson, J.E., Lopez-Astacio, R.A., Parrish, C.R. and Van de Walle, G.R., 2021. Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance. Virology Journal, 18, pp.1-29. |
| Kaelber, Jason T., et al. “Evolutionary reconstructions of the transferrin receptor of Caniforms supports canine parvovirus being a re-emerged and not a novel pathogen in dogs.” PLoS Pathogens 8.5 (2012): e1002666. | Goddard, A. and Leisewitz, A.L., 2010. Canine parvovirus. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 40(6), pp.1041-1053. |
| Kailasan, Shweta, Mavis Agbandje-McKenna, and Colin R. Parrish. “Parvovirus family conundrum: what makes a killer?.” Annual Review of Virology 2 (2015): 425-450. | Sykes, J.E., 2014. Feline panleukopenia virus infection and other viral enteritides. Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases, p.187. |
| Kilham, L., and L. J. Olivier. “A latent virus of rats isolated in tissue culture.” Virology 7.4 (1959): 428-437. | Li, C. and Samulski, R.J., 2020. Engineering adeno-associated virus vectors for gene therapy. Nature Reviews Genetics, 21(4), pp.255-272. |
| Morens, David M. “Fifth disease: still hazy after all these years.” JAMA 248.5 (1982): 553-554. | Wang, D., Tai, P.W. and Gao, G., 2019. Adeno-associated virus vector as a platform for gene therapy delivery. Nature reviews Drug discovery, 18(5), pp.358-378. |
| Organtini, Lindsey J., et al. “Global displacement of canine parvovirus by a host-adapted variant: structural comparison between pandemic viruses with distinct host ranges.” Journal of virology 89.3 (2015): 1909-1912. | Servellita, V., Sotomayor Gonzalez, A., Lamson, D.M., Foresythe, A., Huh, H.J., Bazinet, A.L., Bergman, N.H., Bull, R.L., Garcia, K.Y., Goodrich, J.S. and Lovett, S.P., 2023. Adeno-associated virus type 2 in US children with acute severe hepatitis. Nature, 617(7961), pp.574-580. |
| Parrish, Colin R., and Yoshihiro Kawaoka. “The origins of new pandemic viruses: the acquisition of new host ranges by canine parvovirus and influenza A viruses.” Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 59 (2005): 553-586. | Ho, A., Orton, R., Tayler, R., Asamaphan, P., Herder, V., Davis, C., Tong, L., Smollett, K., Manali, M., Allan, J. and Rawlik, K., 2023. Adeno-associated virus 2 infection in children with non-A–E hepatitis. Nature, 617(7961), pp.555-563. |
| Parrish, Colin R. “The emergence and evolution of canine parvovirus—an example of recent host range mutation.” Seminars in Virology. Vol. 5. No. 2. Academic Press, 1994. | |
| Sabella, Camille, and Johanna Goldfarb. “Parvovirus B19 infections.” American Family Physician 60.5 (1999): 1455-1460. | |
| Shackelton, Laura A., et al. “High rate of viral evolution associated with the emergence of carnivore parvovirus.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102.2 (2005): 379-384. | |
| Siegl, Günter. “Canine parvovirus: origin and significance of a “new” pathogen.” The parvoviruses (1984): 363-388. | |
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| Voorhees, Ian EH, et al. “Limited intrahost diversity and background evolution accompany 40 years of canine parvovirus host adaptation and spread.” Journal of virology 94.1 (2019): 10-1128. | |
| Wasik, Brian R., et al. “Onward transmission of viruses: how do viruses emerge to cause epidemics after spillover?.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 374.1782 (2019): 20190017. | |
| Row, Mary Jane L. “With the Dogs.” Schenectady Gazette. 27 May 1978. https://books.google.com/books?id=LhYxAAAAIBAJ&lpg=PA16&dq=dog%20show%20disease&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q=dog%20show%20disease&f=false | |
| Canadian Press. “Virus kills dog in five days.” The Phoenix. 25 October 1978. https://books.google.com/books?id=gJZjAAAAIBAJ&lpg=PA39&dq=dog%20show%20disease&pg=PA39#v=onepage&q=dog%20show%20disease&f=false | |
| Associated Press. “New virus infects dogs; cats may be to blame.” The Telegraph. 23 January 1979. https://books.google.com/books?id=_qIrAAAAIBAJ&lpg=PA6&dq=dog%20disease&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q=dog%20disease&f=false | |
| Canadian Press. “Cat vaccine helps quell dog disease.” The Weekend Herald. 7 March 1980. https://books.google.com/books?id=3HRkAAAAIBAJ&lpg=PA31&dq=dog%20show%20disease&pg=PA31#v=onepage&q=dog%20show%20disease&f=false |
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